LEVEL 8 CELEBRATIONS


OPEN THE LINKS AND PRACTICE VOCABULARY, LISTENING AND READING ACTIVITIES ABOUT CELEBRATIONS.

VIDEOS

Describe a family celebration or any celebration that you once attended.
Describe a family celebration that you remember. You should say
1.   what you were celebrating / who was present
2.   what you and your family did to make the celebration special
and why you enjoyed the occasion.
3.   Whose birthday it was
4.   who attended the party
5.   where it took place
6.   why it was held
7.   how you felt about it
8.   and explain why it is important to your family.
·        What type of family celebrations are common in your country?
·        Why these type of celebrations are important in your country?

READING PRACTICE
1. Colombia is the home of many colorful festivals and traditions taking place throughout the year, with many Colombia holidays largely dictated by the Catholic calendar. Carnivals are a major focus, with most cities and towns having at least one at some point in the year, that feature costumes, parades, music, food, wild parties, and dancing.

Carnaval del Diablo
The town of Rio Sucio hosts the Carnaval del Diablo (Festival of the Devil) on odd numbered years biannually, in a party to ward off sadness. The event is a synthesis of indigenous pagan and Catholic beliefs and features feasts, costumes, dancing, music, and poetry under the spell of sugar cane liquor. Festivities end with the reading of the testament, a burning of the devil and the burying of the gourd.

Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
The Carnaval de Negros y Blancos, or Festival of Blacks and Whites, is one of the major events in Southern Colombia, celebrated in Pasto over a week in early January. It has earned UNESCO designation for being a masterpiece in oral and intangible heritage of humanity. The first day of the celebration involves the Colonies Parade, a rock concert where farmers offer tributes of flowers and songs to the Virgin of Mercy in return for a good harvest. Day two is the Children’s Carnival followed by the Arrival of the Castaneda Family on the third, a colorful cartoon with all the stereotypes including a pregnant bride and a drunk priest. Day four and five are Blacks and Whites Day respectively followed by a Grand Parade on the fifth. The final day is devoted to Rural Culture and a Cuys Festival.



Colombia is the home of many colorful festivals and traditions taking place throughout the year, with many Colombia holidays largely dictated by the Catholic calendar. Carnivals are a major focus, with most cities and towns having at least one at some point in the year, that feature costumes, parades, music, food, wild parties, and dancing.

Barranquilla Carnival
Carnaval is held in the port town of Barranquilla over the three days leading up to Lent, the Catholic fast. Participants dress up in exotic costumes and take part in a grand parade with a queen, floats, salsa music, rumba dancing, food, drink and partying.

Semana Santa
Easter holy week takes place at the end of March/beginning of April each year and is the biggest festival of the year in Catholic Colombia. The city of Popayan is widely considered to be the religious center of the country and is home to an Easter procession that is regarded by many as the finest in South America. Groups of up to eight people carry large wooden platforms depicting scenes from the bible through the cobblestone streets in a parade that lasts many hours.


Colombia is the home of many colorful festivals and traditions taking place throughout the year, with many Colombia holidays largely dictated by the Catholic calendar. Carnivals are a major focus, with most cities and towns having at least one at some point in the year, that feature costumes, parades, music, food, wild parties, and dancing.
Bogota International Book Fair
The Bogota International Book Fair is a two-week event that has been taking place in in April or May since 1988. It is one of the world’s major literary festivals and is one of Latin America’s most significant cultural gatherings. Each year, a different country gets to be the principal character which turns Colombia into the biggest library on the planet, drawing writers, illustrators, publishers, editors, readers and book lovers from all over. Besides a massive trade fair for the publishing industry, the event features talks, workshops, concerts, exhibitions, food, drink and a children’s program. Colombia is, after all, the home of celebrated author Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Festival of the Flowers
The city of Medellin has been hosting the Festival of the Flowers since 1957. Taking place over ten days in early August, there are concerts, parades, food and drink, an orchid exposition, and a competition amongst saddle men bearing flowers on horseback. Common decorations include agapanthus, carnations, chrysanthemums, gladioli, lilies, orchids, roses, and sunflowers.

Colombia is the home of many colorful festivals and traditions taking place throughout the year, with many Colombia holidays largely dictated by the Catholic calendar. Carnivals are a major focus, with most cities and towns having at least one at some point in the year, that feature costumes, parades, music, food, wild parties, and dancing.
Day of the Candles
The Day of the Candles occurs on December 7 and marks the unofficial start of the Colombian Christmas season. At night, streets and homes are festooned with candles and paper lanterns, creating tunnels of light to honor the Catholic Immaculate Conception the following day. There are competitions for the best light displays and many towns hold concerts and fireworks shows.
Christmas
The population of Colombia is a largely Catholic, so Christmas events, celebrating the birth of Jesus, are second only to Easter. Many of the devout participate in Novena, daily religious gatherings that start on December 16 with many churches offering morning and night masses, culminating with midnight mass on Christmas Eve, December 24. Novenas are often family events with prayers, bible readings, games, carols, and music. The celebrations begin at midnight on Christmas Eve with prayers, gift giving, feasts, fireworks and parties that last until dawn. Christmas Day is a public holiday, a quieter time for family gatherings.

2. Christmas is coming and there is no better place to celebrate it than Colombia. Here are five ways to ensure you pass the festive season like a local.
Día de las Velitas
Little Candles’ Day is celebrated on December 7th (the eve of the Immaculate Conception) and officially marks the start of Christmas in Colombia. Colombians light small candles and paper lanterns, placing them on windowsills and balconies and decorating parks and roads. Bogota closes several streets so its citizens can admire the capital’s Christmas lights and undertake family activities throughout the evening. Families on the Caribbean coast tend to light their candles early on December 8th and people in Cali stroll along the Cali River, which is always illuminated for the occasion.
Christmas Lights
Christmas lights (alumbrados navideños in Spanish) are a big deal in Colombia and Medellin is most famous for its displays, with an extravaganza that focuses on the Medellin River and covers around 100 city parks.
The lights follow a theme, such as “Values Illuminate Christmas” which told of a girl named Paloma who travelled the River of Peace. Every year more than four million people enjoy Medellin’s display and the event is the city’s biggest tourist attraction, with a USD$10million budget. National Geographic selected Medellin as one of the world’s best for Christmas lights.
Aguinaldos
Colombians have a great sense of humor and love making their friends, family and office colleagues work for their Christmas treats. That’s right, the country’s famed aguinaldos are games or challenges that end on Christmas Eve, when gifts are finally presented. Among such games are “three feet” (tres pies) where you have to avoid your opponent placing their foot between yours, “straw in the mouth” (pajita en boca) which involves keeping a straw in your mouth all day and “stolen kiss” (beso robado). These games can get out of hand. You have been warned.
Novena
The Novena of Aguinaldos is a set of prayers recited the nine days before Christmas and a social event too, when families and friends come together to eat, pray and sing Christmas carols (villancicos). The novena is prayed and hosted at a different home each night in honor of the Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, the Wise Men and Baby Jesus, who went to a different place each night seeking shelter. The novenas are held from December 16th to December 24th and the prayers are either recited individually or as a group, usually from a book that is passed between the guests and read aloud.
Festive Food
Christmas is not Christmas without food and Colombia is no different. Natilla is probably the country’s most beloved Christmas snack, a custard dish made with milk that resembles a flan or pudding and is eaten alongside other festive favorites such as buñuelos (delicious fried dough balls, served hot) Manjar blanco, a milky spread made with milk, rice and sugar is also eaten, along with hojuelas, flaky, battered snacks that go perfectly with the other Christmas goodies on the table, especially during the novenas.


LINKING WORDS

SO – BECAUSE – AND – OR - BUT

HOW TO WRITE A REPORT
Part 4 Writing Your Report
1.    Write your introduction. Your intro is where you introduce your topic and state your thesis. ...
2.    Write your body paragraphs. The body paragraphs are where you state your evidence that supports your thesis. ...
3.    Support your topic sentence. ...
4.    Write your conclusion. ...
5.    Cite your sources. ...
6.    Format your report.


HOW TO WRITE A LETTER AND EMAILS
Method 1 Writing a Formal Letter
1.    Know when to write a formal letter. ...
2.    Write your address and today's date at the top of the page. ...
3.    Write the name and address of the recipient. ...
4.    Write the salutation. ...
5.    Write the letter. ...
6.    Use a complimentary close. ...
7.    Fold the letter (optional). ...
8.    Address the envelope (optional).

·         Steps of writing an informal letter.
·         Address and date. • ...
·         Salutation. • ...
·         The content of an informal letter. • ...
·         Ending a letter In informal letter writing; you can end your letter with: • Love, • Lots of love, • Best wishes, • Missing you lots, • Yours forever, • Yours, Note that it is followed by a comma.


EMAILS
https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Email

PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH

https://www.testden.com/toefl/writing-tutorial/parts-of-a-paragraph.htm
http://www.occc.edu/mschneberger/howtoparagraph.htm



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